威格士柱塞泵工作原理
威格士柱塞泵是往復(fù)泵的一種,屬于體積泵,其柱塞靠泵軸的偏心轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng),往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),其吸入和排出閥都是單向閥。當(dāng)柱塞外拉時(shí),工作室內(nèi)壓力降低,出口閥關(guān)閉,低于進(jìn)口壓力時(shí),進(jìn)口閥打開,液體進(jìn)入;柱塞內(nèi)推時(shí),工作室壓力升高,進(jìn)口閥關(guān)閉,高于出口壓力時(shí),出口閥打開,液體排出。帶滑靴結(jié)構(gòu)的軸向柱塞泵是目前使用***廣泛的軸向柱塞泵,安放在缸體中的柱塞通過(guò)滑靴與斜盤相接觸,當(dāng)傳動(dòng)軸帶動(dòng)缸體旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí),斜盤將柱塞從缸體中拉出或推回,完成吸排油過(guò)程。柱塞與缸孔組成的工作容腔中的油液通過(guò)配油盤分別與泵的吸、排油腔相通。變量機(jī)構(gòu)用來(lái)改變斜盤的傾角,通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)斜盤的傾角可改變泵的排量。
概述
威格士柱塞泵柱塞往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)總行程L是不變的,由凸輪的升程決定。柱塞每循環(huán)的供油量大小取決于供油行程,供油行程不受凸輪軸控制是可變的。供油開始時(shí)刻不隨供油行程的變化而變化。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)柱塞可改變供油終了時(shí)刻,從而改變供油量。柱塞泵工作時(shí),在噴油泵凸輪軸上的凸輪與柱塞彈簧的作用下,迫使柱塞作上、下往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),從而完成泵油任務(wù),泵油過(guò)程可分為以下三個(gè)階段。
進(jìn)油過(guò)程
當(dāng)凸輪的凸起部分轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去后,在彈簧力的作用下,柱塞向下運(yùn)動(dòng),柱塞上部空間(稱為泵油室)產(chǎn)生真空度,當(dāng)柱塞上端面把柱塞套上的進(jìn)油孔打開后,充滿在油泵上體油道內(nèi)的柴油經(jīng)油孔進(jìn)入泵油室,柱塞運(yùn)動(dòng)到下止點(diǎn),進(jìn)油結(jié)束。
供油過(guò)程
當(dāng)凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)到凸輪的凸起部分頂起滾輪體時(shí),柱塞彈簧被壓縮,柱塞向上運(yùn)動(dòng),燃油受壓,一部分燃油經(jīng)油孔流回噴油泵上體油腔。當(dāng)柱塞頂面遮住套筒上進(jìn)油孔的上緣時(shí),由于柱塞和套筒的配合間隙很小(0.0015-0.0025mm)使柱塞頂部的泵油室成為一個(gè)密封油腔,柱塞繼續(xù)上升,泵油室內(nèi)的油壓迅速升高,泵油壓力>出油閥彈簧力+高壓油管剩余壓力時(shí),推開出油閥,高壓柴油經(jīng)出油閥進(jìn)入高壓油管,通過(guò)噴油器噴入燃燒室。
回油過(guò)程
柱塞向上供油,當(dāng)上行到柱塞上的斜槽(停供邊)與套筒上的回油孔相通時(shí),泵油室低壓油路便與柱塞頭部的中孔和徑向孔及斜槽溝通,油壓驟然下降,出油閥在彈簧力的作用下迅速關(guān)閉,停止供油。此后柱塞還要上行,當(dāng)凸輪的凸起部分轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去后,在彈簧的作用下,柱塞又下行。此時(shí)便開始了下一個(gè)循環(huán)。
柱塞泵以一個(gè)柱塞為原理介紹,一個(gè)柱塞泵上有兩個(gè)單向閥,并且方向相反,柱塞向一個(gè)方向運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)缸內(nèi)出現(xiàn)負(fù)壓,這時(shí)一個(gè)單向閥打開液體被吸入缸內(nèi),柱塞向另一個(gè)方向運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),將液體壓縮后另一個(gè)單向閥被打開,被吸入缸內(nèi)的液體被排出。這種工作方式連續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)后就形成了連續(xù)供油 。
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