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老虎和 獅子是自然界自由存活的動(dòng)物,本身各有自己的領(lǐng)地,甚至地理分布都不相同,平常幾乎都不見面,今天我們看到的往往是在動(dòng)物園和馴化條件下。它們?cè)谀撤N程度上已經(jīng)接近了馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的狀態(tài)。雖然它們天性是野性的,肉食性的動(dòng)物,交配成功的概率雖然低,但這個(gè)可能性卻是存在的。 [9]
然而事實(shí)上,動(dòng)物交配的成功率與其***的契合度有直接關(guān)系,跟這個(gè)動(dòng)物是否為人類馴養(yǎng)動(dòng)物沒有直接關(guān)系。舉例說明的話,狗跟貓都是被人類長期馴養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物,它們都是肉食動(dòng)物,飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境的差異也不大。雖然因?yàn)槿藶榈脑蚴顾鼈冊(cè)诹艘黄?,但是,如果有人使貓跟狗這兩種動(dòng)物交配,它們也不可能有后代。其原因在于貓跟狗分化成不同物種的時(shí)間已經(jīng)非常長,***差異很大,難以融合。
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這個(gè)“優(yōu)勢(shì)”的概念延伸到不同物種時(shí),在能夠雜交的物種之間,它們的雜交優(yōu)勢(shì)也是非常明顯的,但有一個(gè)代價(jià),染色體不能全部聯(lián)會(huì)重合。但馬和驢剛好能重合,所以騾子吸收了它們雙方的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 [9]
實(shí)際上老虎和獅子也存在著這個(gè)趨勢(shì),獅虎獸個(gè)體都比較大,也很強(qiáng)壯,但由于它 遺傳***在染色體數(shù)量上的不匹配性,它們有嚴(yán)重的遺傳***缺陷,這些缺陷導(dǎo)致有的個(gè)體壽命比較短,有的個(gè)體長得不好。 [9]
不同物種之間的雜交,由于其淵源程度比較遠(yuǎn),如果能存活,往往能吸收雙方的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但由于染色體數(shù)目不同,不同物種帶有天生的缺陷,在馬和驢這一點(diǎn)上,強(qiáng)壯這一點(diǎn)得到體現(xiàn),絕育這一點(diǎn)不可避免。在獅虎的問題上,強(qiáng)壯這一點(diǎn)有的個(gè)體體現(xiàn)了,有的個(gè)體體現(xiàn)得比較弱,它們本身能不能存活情況各不一樣,我們也看到過有存活十幾年的獅虎獸,這表明它們還是能存活的。 [9]
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